Salivary Indicators in the Diagnosis of Cancer
The second leading cause of death in the United States is cancer. Until the tumors have already metastasized, its symptoms are often vague and absent. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop tools for cancer screening, early detection, diagnostics, staging, and prognostics that are quick, highly accurate, and non-invasive. The major and minor salivary gland secretions are the multiconstituent oral fluid that makes up saliva, which is primarily supplied by blood. Saliva may also contain blood-present molecules like DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and microbiota. Because sample collection and processing are straightforward, cost-effective, precise, and do not aggravate patients, salivary diagnostics have recently received a lot of attention for the purpose of detecting particular biomarkers. We divide recent salivary candidate biomarkers for systemic cancers into the following categories based on their origin: types of microbial, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics data.