Regulation of DNA transcription by biochemistry and physics: A Synopsis

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Transcription is the process by which information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a template. mRNA carries this information transcribed from the DNA, out of the nucleus. mRNA, which carries the same information from the DNA, is not an identical copy of the segment. Instead, its sequence is predominantly complementary to the DNA template. RNA polymerase carries out the transcription process along with several accessory proteins called transcription factors. Transcription factors can bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences to recruit RNA polymerase to an appropriate transcription site. Together, the transcription factors and RNA polymerase form a complex called the transcription initiation complex