Immunohistochemistry of Germ Cell Tumors at Various Anatomic Sites

Germ cell neoplasms can show a bewildering array of appearances, and there may be significant morphologic overlap among subtypes. For this reason, Immuno-histochemistry is often performed to assist in accurately assessing the types and extent of germ cell elements present within a tumor. The different IHC markers used in this study included include a) alpha - fetoprotein (AFP), b) the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin c) cytokeratin, d) S-100 protein e) CD30 f) GFAP. g) CD117 h) PLAP. The main objectives of the study were to observe the IHC staining patterns of both gonadal and extragonadal GCTs and to show the extent of a GCT in a mixed pattern GCT. Low molecular weight cytokeratin (CK-lmw) is performed on all of our germ cell tumours. Embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour, and choriocarcinoma are always positive for CK-lmw. CD30 has been used for some time as a marker of embryonal carcinoma, since it is typically positive in that tumour but negative in other germ cell tumours. AFP is useful in identifying foci of yolk sac tumour, as it is negative in other tumours. HCG is well known as a marker of syncytiotrophoblasts in choriocarcinoma,